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Total organic carbon (TOC) is a comprehensive indicator of the total amount of organic matter in water body expressed by the content of carbon, and the result is expressed by the concentration of C (mg / L). Because TOC is determined by combustion method, it can oxidize all organic matter. It can reflect the total amount of organic matter better than BOD5 or cod. At present, the widely used methods for the determination of TOC are combustion oxidation non dispersive infrared absorption method (gb13193-91), conductivity method, wet oxidation non dispersive infrared absorption method, etc. The combustion oxidation non dispersive infrared absorption method is widely used at home and abroad because of its simple process, good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Because some carbonaceous organic compounds are not easy to be burned and oxidized at high temperature, the measured TOC value is often lower than the theoretical value. The principle of the subtraction method is: a certain amount of water sample is injected into a quartz tube in a high-temperature furnace. At 900-950 ℃, platinum, cobalt oxide or chromium trioxide are used as catalysts to convert organic matter into carbon dioxide by combustion and pyrolysis, and then the carbon content in the water sample is determined by infrared gas analyzer. Because at high temperature, the carbonate in the water sample also decomposes to produce carbon dioxide, so the above measurement is the total carbon (TC) in the water sample. In order to obtain the organic carbon content, two methods can be used: one is to acidify the water sample in advance, aerate it with nitrogen, remove the carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of various carbonates, and then inject it into the instrument for determination. Another method is to use the TOC measuring instrument that both high temperature furnace and low temperature furnace have. When the same amount of water sample is injected into the high temperature furnace (900 ℃) and the low temperature furnace (150 ℃), the organic carbon and inorganic carbon in the water sample are converted into CO2, while the glass wool impregnated with phosphoric acid is installed in the quartz tube of the low temperature furnace, the inorganic carbonate can be decomposed into CO2 at 150 ℃, but the organic matter can not be decomposed and oxidized. The total carbon (TC) and inorganic carbon (IC) were measured by non dispersive infrared gas analyzer, and the difference between them was total organic carbon (TOC). TOC=TC-IC The determination process is shown in Figure 3-40. 5 mg / L.
Kjeldahl nitrogen Kjeldahl nitrogen is the nitrogen content measured by Kjeldahl method. It includes ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen compounds which can be converted into ammonium salt under this condition. This kind of organic nitrogen compounds mainly include protein, amino acid, peptide, peptone, nucleic acid, urea and organic nitrogen compounds with negative trivalent nitrogen, but do not include azides, nitro compounds and so on. Because most of the organic nitrogen compounds in water are the former, the content of organic nitrogen can be expressed by the difference between Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. There are many organic nitrogen compounds in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater such as food, biological products and tannery, and the main components are proteins and their decomposition products (peptides and amino acids). The key point of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination is to take an appropriate amount of water sample into Kjeldahl flask, add concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst (K2SO4), heat and digest, convert organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen, then distill ammonia in alkaline medium, absorb it with boric acid solution, and determine the content of ammonia nitrogen by Spectrophotometry or titration, that is, Kjeldahl nitrogen in water sample. When organic nitrogen is to be determined directly, the water sample can be pre distilled to remove ammonia nitrogen, and then determined by Kjeldahl method. Kjeldahl nitrogen is a very significant index in evaluating the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs.